Impartiality (Journalistic Reporting Styles)

Impartiality is a journalistic norm that requires journalists to not express their opinions within factual-based news stories and report fairly balanced on viewpoints from others (e.g., Bentele, 1988; Donsbach & Klett, 1993; Hackett, 2008). Based the impartiality standard, should only own in formats are intended for this purpose appropriately labelled commentaries). Field of application/theoretical foundation: The often analysed context studies media performance Fahr, 2001; Maurer, 2005; Seethaler, 2015). Here, elite outlets compared with popular outlets. An increasing convergence between these types may also be sign an tabloidization media. However, increasingly opinionated can regarded as indicator more interpretive journalism. References/combination other methods data collection: Content analyses combined survey editorial policy/ ideological orientation respective see Kepplinger, 2011 his research instrumental actualization). Example study: 2015 Information Authors: Josef Seethaler Research question: study cross-media analysis Austria. Furthermore, indicators evaluated standpoint different models democracy (representative liberal, deliberative, participatory). Object analysis: 1) newspapers (paid press: Standard, Presse, Kleine Zeitung, Kronen Kurier, Oberösterreichische Nachrichten, Salzburger Tiroler Tageszeitung, Vorarlberger Nachrichten); 2) (free dailies: Heute, Österreich); 3) public service/commercial national/regional radio stations (Ö1, Ö3, FM4, KRONEHIT, ORF – Radio Niederösterreich, Oberösterreich, Steiermark, Wien, 88.6 Antenne Life Arabella Energy Wien); 4) national service (ORF eins, 2, III) commercial (ATV I, ATV II, PULS 4, ServusTV) TV stations; 5) online (derstandard.at, krone.at, oe24.at, orf.at, gmx.at) Time frame four artificial weeks (without Sundays) 2014 Info about Variable degree appearance journalist’s point view (in factual formats) 5-point-scale ranging “explicitly personal” (1) “purely distanced-impartial” (5). name: Unparteilichkeit "Impartiality" Level article Values German): 11) explizit persönlich gefärbt; eher sowohl gefärbt als auch distanziert-unparteiisch; ausschließlich distanziert-unparteiisch measurement: ordinal Reliability: six coders, Fleiss’ Kappa: 0.97 Codebook German) available under: https://www.rtr.at/de/inf/SchriftenreiheNr12015/Band1-2015.pdf DFG-Project “Media Performance Democracy” (https://en.mediaperformance.uni-mainz.de/) References G. (1988). Wie objektiv können Journalisten sein? [How objective be?]. In L. Erbring (Ed.), Medien ohne Moral. Variationen über Journalismus und Ethik (pp. 196–225). Berlin: Argon. Donsbach, W., B. (1993). Subjective objectivity: How countries define key term profession. Gazette, 51(1), 53–83. A. (2001). Katastrophale Nachrichten? Eine Analyse der Qualität von Fernsehnachrichten [Disastrous news? quality television news]. München: R. Fischer. (2008). Objectivity reporting. W. International Encyclopedia Communication 3345–3350). Malden et al.: Blackwell. H. M. (2011). Beruf. Wiesbaden: VS. T. (2005). Nachrichtenqualität: Längsschnittstudie zur Nachrichtenentwicklung Deutschland [Television quality: A longitudinal development Germany]. J. (2015). des tagesaktuellen Informationsangebots den österreichischen Medien. crossmediale Untersuchung [News Austria: crossmedia analysis]. Rundfunk Telekom Regulierungs-GmbH. Retrieved